The iOS operation system was introduced in 2007, it's based on Darwin with XNU Kernel.

Jailbreak - Lowers down the defence for platforms and application security features by iOS

You can find more information on jailbreak in https://www.theiphonewiki.com/wiki/jailbreak

Other guides: https://ios.pentestglobal.com/file-system/apple-system-logs-asl

Signing

Jailbreak detection

File system

Networking

Encrypted and decrypting apps

Data Protection API

Application database

Cookies

Keychain

Errors

Dump memory

IPA structure

View logs

UserDefaults

Simulator